These losses occur due to resistance in conductors, magnetic effects, insulation issues, and leakage currents. The most common types of losses include ohmic losses (I²R loss), corona loss, dielectric loss, and leakage loss. These losses reduce the efficiency of power transmission and lead to higher energy costs.
The overall losses between the power plant and consumers range between 8-15%. Considering the main parts of a typical transmission & distribution network, here is the breakdown of the average values of power losses at each step*:
Technical losses are normally 22.5%, and directly depend on the network characteristics and the mode of operation. The major amount of losses in a power system is in primary and secondary distribution lines. While transmission and sub-transmission lines account for only about 30% of the total losses.
There are three primary types of energy losses in power transmission lines: resistive losses, capacitive losses, and inductive losses. Let’s explore each of these in more detail below.
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