In the fast-charging process, the charging current is large, even if the battery pack is equalized, the equalization current is much smaller than the charging current, and the equalization effect is poor, the necessity for equalization is average.
Battery energy storage system is the object of this review. Equalization necessity of battery packs connected in series and parallel is analyzed. Equalization topologies, variables and control methods are reviewed. Future research challenges and outlooks of new equalization methods are prospected.
Equalization method can be extended to almost all battery systems, including nickel and lead-acid batteries, since it is not dependent on battery cells’ characteristics . Equalization topologies for battery packs are categorized into active and passive equalization.
Therefore, the proposed active equalization strategy also has superior efficiency in real application. To our knowledge, this is the first work to achieve series-connected battery pack active equalization by fusion of data-driven residual capacity online estimation and global optimization-based equalization current calculation.
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