This study presents an overview of sustainable and green cellular base stations (BSs), which account for most of the energy consumed in cellular networks. We review the architecture of the BS and the power consumption model, and then summarize the trends in green cellular network research over the past decade.
However, due to their high radio frequency and limited coverage, the construction and operation of 5G base stations can lead to significant energy consumption and greenhouse gas emissions. To address this challenge, scholars have focused on developing sustainable 5G base stations.
In terms of energy consumption, 5G base stations require continuous operation and stability, which leads to significant electricity consumption (Guo et al., 2022a). This power is mainly supplied by transmission equipment and auxiliary equipment, such as transformers, UPS power supplies, and cooling equipment.
Previous research has estimated that a single 5G base station will produce approximately 30.2 ~ 33.5 tCO 2 eq throughout its life cycle (Ding et al., 2022; Guo et al., 2022a). Consequently, the carbon emissions from 5G base stations in China in 2021 amounted to approximately 49.2 MtCO 2 eq.
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You hold the power to shape a sustainable future by embracing green energy in telecommunications. Traditional energy sources harm the environment, but renewable energy …
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The most energy-hungry parts of mobile networks are the base station sites, which consume around 60 80 % of their total energy. One of the approaches for relieving this energy …
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Energy efficiency and renewable energy are the main pillars of sustainability and environmental compatibility. This study presents an overview of sustainable and green cellular …
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With the development of green energy technologies, base stations (BSs) can be powered by green energy in order to reduce the on-grid energy consumption, and …
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Cellular networks are among the biggest energy hogs of communication networks, and their contributions to the global energy consumption rapidly increase due to the surge of …
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From the Philippine island microgrid to the Saudi desert wind-solar-storage project, from the household “power warehouse” to the global “green energy station,” China’s energy …
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In order to reduce the carbon emissions of 5G base stations and achieve green 5G, this paper further examines the literature related to existing energy-saving technologies for 5G …
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China Mobile added 467,000 5G base stations while achieving a 2% reduction in overall base station energy consumption in 2024.
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